Machine for cutting sheet-glass.



A. P. WHITTEMORE.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHEET GLASS.

APPLICATION TILED MAR. 25,1913.

Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

THE NORRVb P71IRS I rNOTO-LITHO WASHING row, '7 c A. P. WHITTEMORE.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHEET GLASS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25, 1913- Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

THE NORRIS PETERS C0 PHOm LITHOU WASHINGTON. o. c

A'. P. WHITTEMORE.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHEET GLASS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.25,1913- 1,1 17,735. Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

3 SHEETSSHEET 31 11%1/fg /MjZ/ /zz%z07a Q27 23 ,gy WW THE NORRIS PErERS 60.. PHOTOLITHOU WASHINGTON. D. C.

ALLAN P. \VI-IIT'I'EMOBE, OF WEBSTER GROVES, MISSOURI.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHEET-GLASS.

Application filed March 25, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALLAN P. VI-HTTP}- MORE, a citizen of the United States, residing at \Vebster Groves, Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Machines for Cutting Sheet-Glass, of which the following is a full, clear and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to machines for cutting sheets of glass.

The main object of my invention is to provide a machine of simple design and easy adjustment which makes it possible for an unskilled operator to cut sheets of glass rapidly and accurately.

Another object is to provide a glass-cutting machine in which the diamond or other tool or device that is used to scratch or score the glass is mounted in such a manner that it can be easily adjusted into the position in which it is most efficient.

Another object is to provide a glass-cutting machine in which the cutting or scoring tool is mounted on a carriage which is so designed that said tool can be moved to any desired point on the glass preparatory to the cutting operation and without liability of scratching or marring the glass.

Another object is to provide a glass-eutting machine of the character just described which is so designed that the cutting tool will not strike against the work-table after said tool passes out of engagement with the sheet of glass that has just been out. And still another object is to provide a glass-cutting machine equipped with an adjustable gage that can be shifted quickly and which is so designed that it insures sheets of glass of uniform dimensions whose opposite edges are absolutely parallel.

Other objects and desirable features of my invention will be hereinafter pointed out.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a top plan view of a sheet glass cutting machine constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of said machine; Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken on the line of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken on the line at-'l of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 55 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5; Figs. 7 and 8 are perspective views of the two Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

Serial No. 756,646.

parts of the tool-holder; Fig. 9 is a perspective view ofthe main frame of the movable carriage; Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the ad ustable bearing of the rockable memher to which the tool-holder is connected; Flg. 11 1s a perspective view of said rockable member; Fig. 19 is an elevational view of one end of the machine illustrating the construction of the adjustable gage that forms an abutment for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut; Fig. 13 is an elevational view of the opposite end of the machine; and Fig. 14 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 1l-14 of Fig. 3.

Referring to the drawings which illustrate the preferred form of my invention, A designates a horizontally disposed worktable on which the sheet of glass rests during the operation of cutting or scoring said sheet, and B designates the frame of a carriage that is adapted to be moved back and forth across said table on a pair of parallel rods or guides 1 arranged above the table and held securely in position by means of plates 2 fastened to the ends of the table, as shown in Figs. 1, 12 and 13. The frame B of the carriage herein shown is substantially U-shaped, as illustrated in Fig. 9, and the legs or parallel side portions of said frame are provided at their outer ends with vertically disposed lugs or portions 3 for receiving tubular-shaped members f that are slidably mounted on the guide rods 1, the frame 13 beingsecurely connected to the tubular-shaped members 4t either by driving the perforated lugs 3 of said frame tightly onto said members 4 or in any other suitable manner. By constructing the carriage in this manner, namely, providing it with a pair of comparatively long tubular-shaped members at that slide on the guide rods 1; I

obtain a strong lightweight carriage which has a suflicient bearing on the guide rods to prevent it from springing or turning with relation to the guide rods when it is being moved during the operation of cutting the glass. The cutting or scoring tool herein shown consists of a ferrule C provided at its lower end with a diamond 5 or other suitable device, said tool being adjustably mounted in a tool-carrier which is also adjustably mounted in a rockable tool-holder support D on the carriage B. The rockable member D is provided with a shank 6 that passes through an adjustable bearing 7 that is clamped to a short horizontally-disposed shaft 8 which lies between the lugs 3 on the U-shaped frame B of the carriage, said lugs being provided with screws 9 having tapered ends that project into recesses in the ends of the shaft 8, as shown in F ig. 4. The shank 6 of the rockable member D passes through an opening 7 in the adjustable bearing 7, and a nut 10 which is mounted on the screwthreaded portion 6 of said shank operates to draw the split or bifurcated lower portion of the bearing 7 together and thus cause said bearing to be securely clamped to the short shaft 8 which extends transversely through the upper portion of the bearing 7 at approximately right angles tothe shank of the rockable member D that supports the tool-holder. In view of the fact that the member D is pivotally connected to the carriage B by means of the screws 9 in the carriage which fit in tapered recesses in the shaft 8, it is possible to raise and lower the cutting tool C by merely pressing on the finger-piece 6 on the shank of the member D. A coiled spring 11 that is connected to the shank 6 of the member D and to a stationary crossbar 12 fastened to the sleeves or tubular-shaped members a of the carriage, operates to hold the cutting tool in engagement with the glass and also causes the tool to be forced against the glass with sufficient pressure to score the glass. While I prefer to use a spring for this purpose I do not wish it to be understood that my invention is limited to such a construction for the same result could be accomplished in other ways without departing from the spirit of my invention. An adjustable stop 13 that is mounted in the frame B of the carriage cooperates with the finger-piece 6 on the member D to prevent the cutting tool from striking against the work-table after said tool moves out of engagement with the glass that has just been cut. In order that the tension of the spring 11 may be varied I have provided the cross-bar 12 with an adjustable screw 14: to which the upper end of the spring 11 is connected, and have provided the shank 6 of the rockable member D with a plurality of notches 15, as shown in Fig. 3, for receiving a loop at the lower end of the spring 11. By moving the lower end of the spring 11 toward or away from the axis of rotation of the member D the tension of said spring will be varied, or, if desired, the operator can adjust the screw 14 so as to vary the tension of the spring 11.

The holder in which the cutting tool C is mounted is composed of two parts, a sleeve 16 shown in Fig. 8, provided with an opening 16* through which the tool passes and a plug 17 in said sleeve provided with an opening 17 for the tool and also provided with a screw-threaded extension 17 that projects laterally through an opening 18 in a vertically disposed flange 19 that projects forwardly from the front end of the rockable member D, a knurled nut 20 being mounted on the screw-threaded shank 17 on the opposite side of the flange 19 so as to draw the sleeve 16 tightly against the flange 19 by reason of the plug 17 forcing the cut ting tool C tightly against one side of the opening 16 in said sleeve through which the cutting tool passes. When the nut 20 is loosened the cutting tool C can be turned or rotated relatively to the sleeve 16 and the plug 17 so as to bring one or the other cutting edges of the diamond or scoring device 5 into parallel relation with the abutment or gage against which the straight edge of the glass bears, and when said screw 20 is loosened the sleeve and plug can be rotated with relation to the flange 19 so as to arrange the ferrule C in which the diamond is set, in an inclined position, as shown in Figs. 3 and 6. If it is necessary to incline the ferrule C at an angle to a per pendicular, or, in other words, tilt the ferrule laterally in one direction or the other with relation to the longitudinal movement of the carriage B, this can be accomplished by loosening the clamping screw 10 on the screw-threaded portion of the shank 6 of the I rockable member D, and rotating said member D slightly with relation to the split hearing 7 through which it passes, this adjustment of the cutting tool being illustrated in Fig. 5 of the drawing. If it is necessary to incline the cutting tool at such an angle with relation to the path of travel of the carriage that the cutting point 5 of the tool lies nearer to one of the stationary guide rods 1 than to the other guide rod, then the operator will have to shift the adjustable bearing 7 on the shaft 8 so as to position the cutting point 5 of the tool midway between the two guide rods 1, or the same result can be accomplished by loosening one of the adjustable bearing screws 9 in the frame of the carriage and tighteningthe other screw 9 so as to shift the shaft 8 laterally of the carriage.

The gage against which one edge of the sheet of glass is held whileit is being cut is formed by a plurality of members 21, preferably a pair of members spaced a suitable distance apart, that are connected to a cross shaft 22 which is securely fastened to rock arms 23 and 2 1 located at the ends of the machine, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, l2 and 13. The rock arm 23 is pivotally connected at 25 to one of the end plates 2 of the machine and is provided with an extension or handle 23 by means of which the operator can change the position of the gage members 21, some suitable means being provided for cooperating with said handle to hold the gage in position. In the form of iffy invention herein shown a removable or adjustable pin 26 that is mounted in the handle 23 cooperates with one of a plurality of holes 27 in the end plate 2 to hold the gage in adjusted position, but it will, of course, be understood that various other means could be employed for this purpose without departing from the spirit of my invention. The gage members 21 are provided on their undersides with notches 21 so as to form a plurality of stops or abutments that are located different distances from the path of travel of the cutting tool on the carriage B, which shoulders or abutments can be moved into or out of operative position by simply shifting the gage members 21. Figs. 12 and 13 show the gage members 21 adjusted in position to cut the largest sheet of glass which the machine is designed to accommodate, and when it is desired to cut the next largest sheet the members 21 are moved downwardly far enough to bring the second notches in said members into horizontal alinement with the top surface of the work-table A, the gage members 21 being rocked downwardly still farther when the next largest sheet is to be out, and so forth. The axes of rotation of both of the arms 23 and 24 are approximately at the top surface of the work-table A so that the vertical edges of the shoulders or notches in the gage members 21 will describe arcs whose axes are the points about which the arms 23 and 24 turn. Consequently, any slightvariation in the position of the gage members 21 with relation to a horizontal plane or to the top surface of the work-table will not change the distance between the cutting tool and the shoulders or abutments on said gage members against which the edge of the glass bears. This is a very desirable feature of my machine owing to the fact that it overcomes the necessity of changing the adjustment of the gage members 21 when sheets of glass of difierent thickness are being cut in the machine.

In order that the gage members 21 may be lined up accurately with relation to the path of travel of the cutting tool I have provided an adjustable bearing 28 for the rock arm 24, said bearing consisting of a horizontally adjustable block to which the rock arm 2% is pivotally connected at a point approximately coincident with the top face of the work-table A. The block 28 is arranged in a horizontally disposed guideway in one of the end plates 2 of the machine, as shown in Fig. 13, and a clamping screw 29 is mounted in said plate for holding said block in adjusted position. By adjusting the block 28 horizontally the 00- operating notches or abutments on both of the gage members 21 may be located exactly the same distance from the path of travel of the cutting tool.

While I have herein illustrated the gage members arranged in such a position that they project laterally from one edge of the table, I do not wish it to be understood that my invention is limited to a machine in which the gage members are arranged in this position as they could be arranged in various other positions on the table without departing from the spirit of my invention.

The guide rods 1 on which the carriage B travels are preferably providedwith buffers 1 against which the tubular-shaped members 4 of the carriage strike when the carriage reaches its limit of movement in either direction, and said guide rods are arranged adjacent one edge of the work-table A, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, so that the operator will not have to shift or move the severed sheet of glass a great distance in order to deposit it on the receiving table A which lies in a lower horizontal plane than the work-table beneath the gage members 21 that project laterally beyond the edge of the work-table, as shown clearly in Figs. 12 and 13. I prefer to equip the work-table A with rollers 30 that extend parallel to the guide rods 1 on which the cutting tool carriage travels so as to prevent the glass from being scratched by particles of grit or the like. on the table and also to facilitate the movement of the sheet of glass on the work-table when said sheet is being arranged in operative position. I also prefer to equip the receiving table A with similar rollers 31 which are arranged at right angles to the rollers 29 on the work-table. By providing the receiving table with rollers, the operator can easily remove a pile of superimposed sheets including the bottom sheet of the pile which rests upon the rollers and there is no liability of the bottom sheet becoming scratched in case the top surface of the receiving table is not perfectly free from grit or small sharp particles of glass or other foreign matter. The rollers on the work-table and on the receiving table are so positioned with relation to the top surfaces of the tables that an air cushion will form under a sheet of glass that is dropped onto the table, thereby preventing the glass from breaking.

In a machine of the construction abovedescribed an unskilled operator can cut sheets of glass rapidly and accurately owing to the fact that the cutting tool is mounted in a carriage that can be moved back and forth across the work-table on guide rods which are preferably rigid. The holder on said carriage in which the cutting tool is mounted is so constructed that the cut ting tool has a universal adjustment and consequently when a diamond-cutting tool or tool consisting of a piece of other hard material is used said tool can be arranged in the position in which it is most efficient. If the cutting edge of the tool is not absolutely parallel with relation to the guide rods on which the carriage travels the operator can release the clamping nut 20 and rotate the ferrule C until the cutting edge of the tool is parallel to the longitudinal path of movement of the carriage, or if one edge of the tool becomes worn the operator can turn the ferrule C so as to bring another cutting edge into operative position. If the tool cuts best when the ferrule C is inclined longitudinally'of the path of travel of the carriage the two parts 16 and 17 of the toolholder can be rotated or turned slightly with relation to the oscillating member D on which said parts are mounted. If it is necessary to incline'the ferrule C laterally in one direction or the other with relation to the longitudinal path of movement of the carriage in order to obtain a perfectly square cut or a cut at right angles to the top surface of the glass, this can be accomplished by loosening the clamping nut 10 and rotating the member D in the bearing 7 in which said member is mounted, and if this adjustment of the ferrule C has thrown the cutting or scoring device to one side or the other of the center line between the guide rods 1, the bearing 7 can be adjusted longitudinally of the shaft 8 on which it is mounted or said shaft can be adjusted laterally of the carriage so as to position the cutting device midway between the guide rods.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the scoring tool can be adjusted easily into a position in which it is most efficient, and after it has once been adjusted it will remain in this position until the cutting edge that is being used has become worn to such a degree that it is necessary to bring another cutting edge into service. No skill on the part of the operator is required to operate the tool after the ferrule C in which the tool is mounted is once set in proper position so that unskilled operatives may be employed on the machine. The spring 11 or other device that exerts downward pressure on the front end of the member D insures the tool remaining in engagement with the glass during the cutting operation even though the top face of the glass is bowed or wavy. If it is desired to vary the pressure of the tool on-the glass this can be accomplished by changing the tension of the spring 11, and when the tool passes out of engagement with the glass at the completion of the cutting operation the adjustable stop 13 that cooperates with the finger-piece 6 on the rockable member D prevents the tool from striking against the work-table and thus becoming damaged or moved out of its adjusted position, said stop 13 being so adjusted that the tool will be held a slight distance above the top surface of the work-table. When the operator moves the carriage across the work-table preparatory to the cutting operation he presses downwardly on the finger-piece 6 so as to oscillate the member D slightly and thus prevent the tool 5 from bearing on the glass. The carriage B can be stopped at any point on the guide rod 1, thus permitting the cut to be started a little distance inwardly from the edge of the glass if desired, and after the tool has been positioned at the point where it is desired to start the out the operator releases the finger-piece 6 so as to permit the tool to move downwardly into engagement with the glass. The gage members 21 that project laterally from one edge of the work-table form an efficient stop or abutment for one edge of the sheet of glass that is being cut, and said gage members are so designed that they can be adjusted easily to produce sheets of glass of difierent dimensions. previously pointed out, any slight variation of the gage members 21 with relation to a horizontal plane coincident with the top surface of the wo-rk table does not alter the dimensions of the sheets of glass that are cut owing to the fact that the notches or shoulders 21 of said gage members move in arcs whose axes are approximately coincident with the top surface of the work-table A.

In addition to the desirable features abovementioned my machine enables the operator to handle the glass quickly and easily and without liability of scratching the glass, and when plate glass is being cut in the machine it is not necessary to arrange a felt pad on the work-table, as has heretofore beenthe general practice, owing to the fact that the rollers in the work-table and in the receiving table prevent the glass from hearing directly on the top faces of the tables.

'Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new. and desire to secure by Let-' ters Patent is:

l. A sheet glass cutting machine, comprising a work-table, horizontal guide rods arranged above said work-table, a carriage slidingly mounted on said guide rods, a laterally adjustable bearing on said carriage, a tool-carrying member rotatably mounted in said bearing, means for clamping said member in adjusted position in said bearing, a tool-holder on said member, and a cutting or scoring tool provided with a ferrule that is arranged in said tool-holder, said tool-holder being so designed that said ferrule can be arranged in an inclined position or rotated axially.

2. A sheet glass cutting machine, comprising a work-table. parallel guide rods arranged above said work-table, a carriage slidingly mounted on said guide rods, a rockable tool-carrying member on said carriage provided at one end with a finger-piece and at its opposite end with an adjustable tool-holder, a cutting tool having a shank or ferrule that is engaged by said tcol-holder, yielding means which acts on said rockable member to force the cutting edge of the tool Furthermore, as

int-o engagement with the glass, an adjustable stop on the carriage with which said jrockable member coiiperates, and means for enabling said member to be adjusted laterally with relation to the path of travel of the carriage.

A sheet glass cutting machine, comprising a work-table, parallel guide rods arranged above said work-table and provided with yielding buffers, a carriage provided with tubular-shaped members that are slidingly mounted on said guide rods, a universally adjustable scoring tool on said carriage, and yielding means for forcing the cutting edge of said tool into engagement with the glass.

4:. A sheet glass cutting machine, comprising a work-table a movable carriage arranged above said work-table and provided with a cutting or scoring tool. adjustable gage members provided with a plurality of shoulders that form abutments for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut, and means for raising or lowering said gage members with relation to the horizontal plane in which the glass lies so as to bring one or the other shoulders on said gage members into operative position.

5. A sheet glass cutting machine. comprising a work-table, a movable carriage ar ranged above said worlrtable and provided with a cutting 01- scoring tool, adjustable gage members at one edge of the table provided with a plurality of shoulders that form abutments for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut, means for raising or lowering said gage members with relation to the horizontal plane in which the glass lies so as to bring one or the other shoulders on said gage members into operative position, said gage members being; oscillatingly mounted and the shoulders on same being so formed that they describe arcs whose axes are approximately coincident with the top face of the work-table.

6. A machine for cutting sheet glass, comprising a work-table, a movable carriage arranged above said work-table and provided with a tool for scratching or scoring the glass, oscillating gage members projecting laterall from one edge of the table and provided with a plurality of shoulders that form abutments for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut. and means for locking said gage members in adjusted position, the axes of rotation of said gage members being approximately coincident with the top surface of the work-table.

7. A machine for cutting sheet glass, comprising a work-table, a movable carriage arranged above said work-table and provided with a cutting or scoring tool, a pair of rock arms provided with a horizontally disposed connecting shaft, gage members on said rock arm that form an abutment for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut, and a horizontally adjustable bearing member to which one of said rock arms is pivotally connected.

8. A machine for cutting sheet glass. comprising a work-table, horizontally disposed guide rods arranged above said table, a car riage slidingly mounted on said guide rods, a scoring tool on. said carriage mounted in such a manner that it can be adjusted in the position in which it is most efficient, adj ust able gage members projecting laterally from one edge of said work-table so as to form an abutment for on edge of the sheet of glass that is being cut, and a receiving table arranged under said gage members in a lower horizontal plane than said work-table.

9. In a machine for cutting sheets of glass, a work-table, a receiving table arranged in a lower horizontal plane than the work-table, rollers in the top faces of said tables arranged at approximately right angles to each other, a carriage arranged to travel over the. work-table in a path parallel to the rollers in said table, a cutting or scoring tool in said carriage, and gage members projecting laterally I from the work-table above said receiving table.

10. A sheet glass cutting machine comprising a work-table, a movable carriage arranged to travel over said work-table, a laterally adjustable bearing on said carriage, a tool-carrying member rotatably mounted in said bearing, means for clamping said tool-carrying member in adjusted position in said bearing, a tool-holder on said member, and a cutting or scoring tool provided with a ferrule that is arranged in said toolholder, said tool-holder being so designed that said ferrule can be arranged in an inclined position or rotated axially.

11. A sheet glass cutting machine comprising a work-table, a movable carriage arranged to travel in a straight path over said work-table, a rockable tool-carrying member on said carriage provided at one end with a finger-piece and at its opposite end with an adjustable tool-holder. a cutting tool having a shank or ferrule that is engaged by said tool-holder, means for forcing the cutting edge of the tool into engagement with the glass, and an adjustable stop on the carriage which determines the position of the cutting edge of the tool with relation to the top surface of the work-table.

12. A sheet glass cutting machine comprising a work-table, a carriage arranged to travel in a straight path over said worktable, a rockable tool-carrying member on said carriage provided with a tool for scratching or scoring the glass, means which tends to hold the cutting edge of the tool in engagement with the glass, means for enabling the tool to be adjusted laterally with relation to the path of travel of the carriage and means whereby said tool can be incline longitudinally or laterally with relation to the path of travel of the carriage and also rotated axially.

13. A sheet glass cutting machine comprising a work-table, parallel guide rods,- a carriage provided with tubular-shaped members that are slidably mounted on said guide rods, a universally adjustable scoring tool on said carriage, and means which tends to hold the cutting edge of the tool in engagemcntwith ie glass.

14. A sheet glass cutting machine comprising a work-table, a movable carriage arranged to travel over the work-table and provided with a cutting or scoring tool, and a gage provided with a plurality of shoulders or abutments, each of which is located a different distance from the path of travel of the scoring tool on the carriage, said gage being adapted to be shifted so as to bring the desired shoulder or abutment thereon into position to act as a stop for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut.

15. A sheet glass cutting machine comprising a work-table, a movable carriage arranged above said work-table and provided with a cutting or scoring tool, and an oscillating gage adapted to be raised and lowered with respect: to the top surface of the table and which is provided with a plurality of shoulders, any one of which is adapted to form an abutment for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut.

16.A sheet glass cutting machine comprising a work-table, a movable carriage arranged above said work-table and provided with a cutting or scoring tool, an oscillating gage adapted to be raised and lowered with respect to the top surface of the table and which is provided with a plurality of shoulders, any one of which is adapted to form an abutment for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut, and means for locking said gage in adjusted position.

17. A sheet glass cutting machine comprislng a work-table, a movable carriage arranged above said work-table and provided with a cutting or scoring tool, an oscillating, gage adapted to be ralsed and lowered with respect to the top surface of the table and which is provided with a plurality of shoulders, any one of which will serve as an abutment for one edge of the sheet of glass being cut, and means for locking said gage in adjusted position, the axis of rotation of said gage being approximately coincident with the top surface of the work-table.

18. A sheet glass cutting machine comprising a work-table, a carriage arranged to travel in a straight path over said worktable and provided with a cutting or scoring tool, a plurality of adjustable gage members provided with shoulders or abutments the different shoulders on each gage member being arranged at diii'erent distances from the path of travel of the scoring tool on the carriage, and means for securely holding said gage members in adjusted position.

19. A machine for cutting sheets of glass comprising a work-table, a carriage ar-- ranged to travel in a straight path over said work-table and provided with a cutting or scoring tool, rollers in the top face of said table arranged parallel to the path of travel of the carriage for facilitating the movement of the sheet of glass over the table and for preventing said sheet from being scratched, and an adjustable gage provided with a plurality of shoulders or abutments that are ar ranged at difi'erent distances from the path of travel of the scoring tool on the carriage. In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses, this twenty-first day of March 1913.

ALLAN P. l/VHITTEMORE. Witnesses:

WELLS L. CHURCH, GEORGE BAKEVVELL.

Gopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

